ABSTRACT
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation is an established surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Though the motor benefits of STN stimulation are well understood, its cognitive and behavioral effects are still not fully understood. Manic psychosis, hypersexuality, pathological gambling and mood swings are associated with advanced PD. There have been reports to suggest improvement or worsening in these symptoms following STN deep brain stimulation (DBS). We report two cases as the sole behavioral side-effects of STN stimulation despite good clinical improvement on long-term follow-up. These patients and literature review suggests the complex role of STN stimulation in motor and behavioral control.
Subject(s)
Aged , Bipolar Disorder/etiology , Deep Brain Stimulation/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Parkinson Disease/complications , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/etiology , Subthalamic Nucleus/physiologyABSTRACT
Breast tuberculosis is a rare disease. It usually mimics carcinoma breast in its presentation both clinically as well as radiologically. Since breast conservation is possible in tuberculous mastitis and it may be a presenting feature of HIV, it is important to recognise this condition. One case of a 50-year female despite strong clinical suspicion of malignancy though could not be histologically proven is reported here. Following a breast conserving surgery, Langhans' giant cells were seen on histopathology. Patient was started on antituberculous therapy and responded well.